Amniotic fluid usually ruptures when pregnant women begin to experience uterine contractions to give birth to the baby. However, there are times when the membranes rupture early, which can lead to serious complications.
During pregnancy, the fetus in the womb is protected and surrounded by a membrane filled with fluid called the amniotic sac. Shortly before the fetus or baby is born, the amniotic sac will rupture and a liquid called amniotic fluid will come out through the vagina. Generally within 24 hours after the amniotic sac ruptures, the baby will be born. But if after that time the baby is not born, or the membranes rupture before the womb is 37 weeks old, then the condition is said to be premature rupture of the membranes.
Causes of Premature Amniotic Disease
Premature rupture of membranes usually causes premature labor, aka babies forced to be born prematurely. Premature rupture of membranes can be more risky if there are several things like the following:
- Infection of the uterus, amniotic sac, cervix, or vagina. This is a common trigger for premature rupture of membranes.
- Physical injury, for example due to motor vehicle accidents or falls.
- The uterus and amniotic sac are too stretched. This is caused by the number of fetuses in the womb of more than one or too much amniotic fluid volume.
- Smoking or using drugs during pregnancy.
- Underwent surgery or cervical biopsy.
- Have experienced premature rupture of membranes in a previous pregnancy.
- Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy.
- Placental disorders.
- Abnormal fetal position in uterus.
- Body mass index of pregnant women who
- Uncontrolled high blood pressure.
Complications of Early Amniotic Disease
Premature rupture of membranes can be considered a serious thing because it can result in:
- When the membranes rupture, germs can migrate into the amniotic sac and cause infection in the uterus. Symptoms include rising body temperature, unusual vaginal discharge, vaginal odor that is not pleasant, rapid pulse, pain in the lower abdomen, and the fetal heartbeat becomes faster than usual. This condition can cause dangerous sepsis in babies.
- Babies are born prematurely.
- Increases risk of placental retention (some or all of the placenta is left in the uterus). This condition will cause postpartum hemorrhage, which is bleeding through the vagina within 24 hours to six weeks after giving birth.
- Amniotic fluid volume is too little (oligohydramnios), if premature rupture of membranes occurs in early pregnancy. When the amniotic fluid is lost, the umbilical cord can be sandwiched between the fetus and the uterine wall. As a result, the fetus can experience brain injury or even death.
If the membranes rupture before 23 weeks of pregnancy, the lungs of the fetus may not develop properly and cause the fetus to not survive. If the fetus survives, it is likely to experience physical and mental disability when born. Babies are also at risk of experiencing several problems, such as chronic lung disease, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, and developmental disorders.
- Placental abruption, which is the removal of part or all of the placenta from the uterine wall before labor occurs.
- Fetal umbilical cord broke.
If you suspect or feel premature rupture of amniotic fluid, immediately go to the hospital to get treatment from an obstetrician. The amniotic fluid can be identified by its characteristic which is clear or there are white spots, accompanied by blood or mucus, and does not smell.
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